Hawaii Hurricane Archive

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Does El Niño really bring Hawaii more hurricanes?

Mostly, yes — but the folklore needs two corrections. Across 76 finished seasons, El Niño years average 1.7 storms within 500 km of the islands and La Niña years 0.8 — a factor of 2.1. The quiet signal is the reliable one: it is La Niña that empties the ocean around Hawaii. And the worst disaster in this archive did not wait for El Niño at all.

El Niño seasons
1.7 storms average of 22 seasons; ceiling 7
Neutral seasons
1.5 storms average of 35 seasons
La Niña seasons
0.8 storms average of 19 seasons; ceiling 3
Close passes (≤ 100 km)
0.41 per El Niño season 0.16 in La Niña — 2.6× the rate

Every season since 1950

El Niño (ONI ≥ +0.5)NeutralLa Niña (ONI ≤ −0.5)
storms per season0123456719501950 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.6)1951 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.0)1952 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI +0.0)1953 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.6)1954 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -0.7)1955 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.1)1956 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI -0.4)1957 — 3 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.1)1958 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI +0.3)1959 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.0)19601960 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI +0.2)1961 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI -0.3)1962 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.2)1963 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +1.1)1964 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -0.7)1965 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.6)1966 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.1)1967 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.4)1968 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI +0.3)1969 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.6)19701970 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.7)1971 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.7)1972 — 2 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.5)1973 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.3)1974 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.5)1975 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.3)1976 — 2 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.6)1977 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.5)1978 — 5 storms · neutral (ONI -0.4)1979 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI +0.3)19801980 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.2)1981 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.1)1982 — 5 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.4)1983 — 3 storms · neutral (ONI -0.4)1984 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.3)1985 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.3)1986 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +0.6)1987 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +1.5)1988 — 3 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.3)1989 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.3)19901990 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI +0.3)1991 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +0.7)1992 — 4 storms · neutral (ONI -0.1)1993 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI +0.2)1994 — 5 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.5)1995 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -0.8)1996 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.3)1997 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +2.0)1998 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -1.0)1999 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -1.0)20002000 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.4)2001 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.1)2002 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.8)2003 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI +0.2)2004 — 0 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.6)2005 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.1)2006 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +0.5)2007 — 2 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.1)2008 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI -0.2)2009 — 3 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.7)20102010 — 0 storms · La Niña (ONI -1.4)2011 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.8)2012 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI +0.4)2013 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.3)2014 — 3 storms · neutral (ONI +0.2)2015 — 7 storms · El Niño (ONI +2.0)2016 — 6 storms · neutral (ONI -0.4)2017 — 0 storms · neutral (ONI -0.2)2018 — 4 storms · El Niño (ONI +0.5)2019 — 3 storms · neutral (ONI +0.3)20202020 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.8)2021 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.6)2022 — 1 storm · La Niña (ONI -0.9)2023 — 1 storm · El Niño (ONI +1.5)2024 — 2 storms · neutral (ONI -0.1)2025 — 1 storm · neutral (ONI -0.4)2015 — the record1992 — Iniki
Tropical cyclones passing within 500 km of the main Hawaiian Islands per season, coloured by the ASO Oceanic Niño Index — the August–October value, the heart of hurricane season. Hover a bar for the year's numbers.
Every season's numbers
SeasonStormsASO ONIPhase
19501-0.6La Niña
19510+1.0El Niño
19520+0.0neutral
19530+0.6El Niño
19540-0.7La Niña
19550-1.1La Niña
19560-0.4neutral
19573+1.1El Niño
19581+0.3neutral
19592-0.0neutral
19600+0.2neutral
19610-0.3neutral
19621-0.2neutral
19631+1.1El Niño
19640-0.7La Niña
19650+1.6El Niño
19661-0.1neutral
19672-0.4neutral
19680+0.3neutral
19690+0.6El Niño
19701-0.7La Niña
19711-0.7La Niña
19722+1.5El Niño
19730-1.3La Niña
19741-0.5La Niña
19750-1.3La Niña
19762+0.6El Niño
19770+0.5El Niño
19785-0.4neutral
19790+0.3neutral
19801-0.2neutral
19811-0.1neutral
19825+1.4El Niño
19833-0.4neutral
19841-0.3neutral
19852-0.3neutral
19861+0.6El Niño
19870+1.5El Niño
19883-1.3La Niña
19891-0.3neutral
19901+0.3neutral
19911+0.7El Niño
19924-0.1neutral
19931+0.2neutral
19945+0.5El Niño
19950-0.8La Niña
19961-0.3neutral
19971+2.0El Niño
19981-1.0La Niña
19991-1.0La Niña
20001-0.4neutral
20011-0.1neutral
20020+0.8El Niño
20032+0.2neutral
20040+0.6El Niño
20052-0.1neutral
20061+0.5El Niño
20072-1.1La Niña
20080-0.2neutral
20093+0.7El Niño
20100-1.4La Niña
20111-0.8La Niña
20121+0.4neutral
20132-0.3neutral
20143+0.2neutral
20157+2.0El Niño
20166-0.4neutral
20170-0.2neutral
20184+0.5El Niño
20193+0.3neutral
20201-0.8La Niña
20211-0.6La Niña
20221-0.9La Niña
20231+1.5El Niño
20242-0.1neutral
20251-0.4neutral

The ceiling belongs to El Niño

The busiest season in the record is an El Niño season: 2015 holds the ceiling with 7 storms near the islands (ASO ONI +2.0, at the height of the strongest El Niño episode in the ONI record) — among them Guillermo, Ela, Hilda. Iwa struck Kauai in November 1982, at the peak of another major El Niño. Warm equatorial water pushes the eastern Pacific's breeding ground west and cuts the wind shear that usually tears storms apart before they reach Hawaiian longitudes. A La Niña season has never produced more than 3 storms here; 19 La Niña seasons in 76 years brought 15 storms in total.

The Iniki correction

Iniki is routinely filed under the 1991–92 El Niño, and the event was real: that winter the index peaked at +1.5. But El Niño events peak in winter, and by the September week Iniki crossed Kauai the ASO index had fallen to -0.1 — a neutral ocean by every threshold. The deadliest, costliest storm in this archive arrived in a season the folklore calls safe. That is the second correction, and the one that matters for preparedness: the phases shift the odds, and 76 seasons of odds say no phase has ever meant zero.

This season

The index is rising again: the latest value on NOAA's table (MJJ 2026) stands at +1.4, El Niño territory if it holds through autumn. The archive is already tracking this season's storms as they happen — and for anything on the map right now, the forecast that matters comes from the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, not from a historical average.

Method and honest limits

Storm seasons are counted from this archive: every tropical cyclone whose NOAA best track passed within 500 km of the main islands, 104 storms across 1950–2025; the season in progress is excluded until it is re-analysed. ENSO phase is NOAA CPC's Oceanic Niño Index for August–October, at the standard ±0.5 °C thresholds. The samples are small — 22 El Niño seasons, 19 La Niña — so the means above describe this record, not a law; and a count of storms near the islands is not a count of landfalls, which are rarer and noisier still.